December 31 Totally Explained

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Everything about 31 December totally explained

January 1 of the next year.

Events

406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
535 – Byzantine General Belisarius completes the conquest of Sicily, defeating the Ostrogothic garrison of Syracuse, and ending his consulship for the year.
1229 – James I of Aragon the Conqueror enters Medina Mayurqa (now known as Palma de Mallorca, Spain) thus consummating the Christian conquest of the island of Mallorca.
1599 – British East India Company is chartered.
1660 – James II of England is named Duke of Normandy by Louis XIV of France.
1687 – The first Huguenots set sail from France to the Cape of Good Hope.
1695 – A window tax is imposed in England, causing many shopkeepers to brick up their windows to avoid the tax.
1775 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Quebec British forces repulse an attack by Continental Army generals Richard Montgomery and Benedict Arnold.
1831 – Gramercy Park is deeded to New York City.
1857 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom chooses Ottawa, Ontario, as the capital of Canada.
1862 – American Civil War: Abraham Lincoln signs an act that admits West Virginia to the Union, thus dividing Virginia in two.
1862 – American Civil War: The Battle of Stones River is fought near Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
1879 – Thomas Edison demonstrates incandescent lighting to the public for the first time.
1891 – A new immigration depot was opened on Ellis Island, New York.
1904 – The first New Year's Eve celebration is held in Times Square, then known as Longacre Square, in New York, New York.
1909 – Manhattan Bridge opens.
1923 – The chimes of Big Ben are broadcast on radio for the first time by the BBC.
1944 – World War II: Hungary declares war on Germany.
1946 – President Harry Truman officially proclaims the end of hostilities in World War II.
1955 – The General Motors Corporation becomes the first U.S. corporation to make over $1 billion USD in a year.
1960 – The farthing coin ceases to be legal tender in the United Kingdom.
1961 – The Marshall Plan expires after distributing more than $12 billion USD in foreign aid to rebuild Europe.
1963 – The Central African Federation officially collapses and splits into Zambia, Malawi and Rhodesia.
1981 – Coup d'état in Ghana removes President Hilla Limann's PNP government and replaces it with the Provisional National Defence Council led by Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings.
1983 – The AT&T Bell System is broken up by the United States Government.
1987 – Robert Mugabe assumes office as President of Zimbabwe.
1986 – A fire at the Dupont Plaza Hotel in San Juan, Puerto Rico, kills 97 and injures 140.
1991 – The Soviet Union is officially dissolved.
1994 – This date is skipped altogether in Kiribati as the Phoenix Islands and Line Islands change time zones from UTC-11 to UTC+13 and UTC-10 to UTC+14, respectively.
1998 – Exchange rates between the euro and legacy currencies in the Eurozone become fixed.
1999 – Boris Yeltsin resigns as President of Russia, leaving Prime Minister Vladimir Putin as the acting President.
1999 – Five hijackers, who had been holding 155 hostages on an Indian Airlines plane, leave the plane with two Islamic clerics that they'd demanded be freed.
1999 – The United States Government hands Panama Canal control over to Panama as well all the adjacent land to the canal known as the Panama Canal Zone. This act complied with the signing of the 1977 Torrijos-Carter Treaties.
2004 – The official opening of Taipei 101, the current tallest skyscraper in the world, standing at a height of 509 metres (1,670 feet).
2007 – December 2007 Bocaue Fire. Seven people injured when a fire razed several fireworks stores in the Municipality of Bocaue, Bulacan, Philippines.
2007 – The Massive Big Dig construction project in Boston, Massachusetts ends.

Births

1378 – Pope Callixtus III (d. 1458)

1491 – Jacques Cartier, French explorer (d. 1557)

1514 – Andreas Vesalius, Flemish anatomist (d. 1564)

1572 – Emperor Go-Yozei of Japan, (d. 1617)

1668 – Herman Boerhaave, Dutch humanist and physician (d. 1738)

1720 – Charles Edward Stuart, pretender to the British throne (d. 1788)

1738 – Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, British general (d. 1805)

1741 – Isabella Maria of Parma, empress of Germany (d. 1763)

1763 – Pierre-Charles Villeneuve, French admiral (d. 1806)

1815 – George G. Meade, American Civil War general (d. 1872)

1830 – Isma'il Pasha, Governor of Egypt (d. 1895)

1857 – King Kelly, American baseball player (d. 1894)

1860 – Joseph S. Cullinan, American oil industrialist (d. 1937)

1869 – Henri Matisse, French painter (d. 1954)

1877 – Lawrence Beesley, English journalist and author (d. 1967)

1878 – Elizabeth Arden, Canadian businesswoman (d. 1966)

1878 – Horacio Quiroga, Uruguayan-Argentinian writer (d. 1937)

1880 – George C. Marshall, United States Secretary of State, Nobel Laureate (d. 1959)

1880 – Fred Beebe, American baseball player (d. 1957)

1881 – Max Pechstein, German painter (d. 1955)

1882 – Martin O'Meara, Australian soldier (d. 1935)

1884 – Bobby Byrne, American baseball player (d. 1964)

1885 – Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein (d. 1970)

1894 – Pola Negri, Polish actress (d. 1987)

1899 – Silvestre Revueltas, Mexican composer (d. 1940)

1902 – Lionel Daunais, Quebec singer and composer (d. 1982)

1903 – Nathan Milstein, Ukrainian violinist (d. 1992)

1904 - Umm Kulthum, Egyptian singer and actress (d. 1975)

1905 – Jule Styne, English-born composer (d. 1994)

1908 – Simon Wiesenthal, Austrian Holocaust survivor (d. 2005)

1909 – Jonah Jones, American jazz trumpeter (d. 2000)

1910 – Carl Dudley, American film director (d. 1973)

1912 – Maj-Gen John Frost, British para commander (d. 1993)

1919 – Tommy Byrne, American baseball player

1920 – Rex Allen, American actor, singer, and songwriter (d. 1999)

1924 – Taylor Mead, American actor

1928 – Siné, French cartoonist

1930 – Odetta, American singer

1931 – Bob Shaw, Irish writer (d. 1996)

1933 – Edward Bunker, American author and actor (d. 2005)

1934 – Akram Awan, Islamic scholar

1937 – Avram Hershko, Israeli biologist, Nobel laureate

1937 – Sir Anthony Hopkins, Welsh actor

1938 – Rosalind Cash, American actress (d. 1995)

1940 – Mani Neumeier, German musician (Guru Guru)

1941 – Sir Alex Ferguson, Scottish football manager

1941 – Sarah Miles, English actress

1942 – Andy Summers, British guitarist (The Police)

1943 – John Denver, American singer and songwriter (d. 1997)

1943 – Sir Ben Kingsley, English actor

1943 – Pete Quaife, English bassist (The Kinks)

1944 – Taylor Hackford, American producer and director

1945 – Diane von Fürstenberg, Belgian-born fashion designer

1945 – Barbara Carrera, Nicaraguan actress and model

1945 – Connie Willis, American writer

1946 – Pius Ncube, Zimbabwean human rights advocate

1947 – Burton Cummings, Canadian keyboardist (The Guess Who)

1947 – Tim Matheson, American actor

1947 – Rita Lee, Brazilian Rock Star

1948 – Donna Summer, American singer

1948 – René Robert, National Hockey League player

1949 – Ellen Datlow, American editor

1949 – Susan Shwartz, American writer

1951 – George Thorogood, American musician

1951 – Tom Hamilton, American bassist (Aerosmith)

1953 – James Remar, American actor

1953 – Jane Badler, American actress

1954 – Alex Salmond, Scottish politician

1954 – Hermann Tilke, German racing circuit architect

1955 – Dawood Ibrahim, Indian crime boss

1956 – Steve Rude, American comics artist

1958 – Bebe Neuwirth, American actress

1959 – Phill Kline, American politician

1959 – Val Kilmer, American actor

1959 – Paul Westerberg, American musician (The Replacements)

1959 - Alfie Anido, Filipino actor (d. 1981)

1960 – John Allen Muhammad, American serial killer

1960 – Steve Bruce, English football player & manager

1961 – Rick Aguilera, American baseball player

1961 – Nina Li Chi, Chinese actress

1962 – Heather McCartney, British activist

1963 – Scott Ian, American guitarist (Anthrax)

1963 – Konishiki, American sumo wrestler

1964 – Michael McDonald, American actor-comedian

1964 – Allen D'Nulderf, American stuntman

1964 – Lowri Turner, British TV presenter

1965 – Gong Li, Chinese actress

1965 – Nicholas Sparks, American author

1966 – Lisa Joyner, American entertainment reporter

1968 – Gerry Dee, Canadian comedian and actor

1969 – Kate Beahan, Australian actress

1969 – Dominik Diamond, Scittish presenter and newspaper columnist

1970 – Carlos Morales Quintana, husband of Princess Alexia of Greece and Denmark

1970 – Bryon Russell, American basketball player

1971 – Brent Barry, American basketball player

1971 – Esteban Loaiza, Mexican Major League Baseball player

1971 – Ricardo López Felipe, Spanish footballer

1972 – Joe McIntyre, American singer (New Kids on the Block)

1973 – Shandon Anderson, American basketball player

1973 – Malcolm Middleton, Scottish musician (Arab Strap)

1974 – Ryan Sakoda, Japanese American professional wrestler

1974 – Tony Kanaan, Brazilian racing driver

1975 – Toni Kuivasto, Finnish footballer

1977 – Wardy Alfaro, Costa Rican footballer

1977 – Donald Trump Jr., son of Donald Trump and Ivana Trump

1978 – Papoose, American rapper

1979 – Bob Bryar, American drummer (My Chemical Romance, Gerardolopoly)

1979 – Elaine Cassidy, Irish actress

1980 – Richie McCaw, New Zealand rugby player

1980 – Matt Cross, American professional wrestler

1981 – Jason Campbell, American football player

1981 – Matthew Pavlich, Australian football player

1982 – Julio DePaula, Dominican baseball player

1982 – Craig Gordon, Scottish footballer

1982 – Luke Schenscher, Australian basketball player

1987 – Javaris Crittenton, American basketball player

1987 – Émilie Le Pennec, French gymnast

Deaths

192 – Commodus, Roman Emperor (b. 161)

335 – St. Silvester, Pope

1164 – Margrave Ottokar III of Styria (b. 1124)

1194 – Duke Leopold V of Austria (killed at a tournament) (b. 1157)

1297 – Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford, English soldier (b. 1249)

1302 – Frederick III, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1238)

1384 – John Wycliffe, English theologian and Bible translator

1424 – Thomas Beaufort, 1st Duke of Exeter, English military leader

1460 – Edmund, Earl of Rutland, brother of Kings Edward IV of England and Richard III of England (executed) (b. 1443)

1460 – Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury, English politician (b. 1400)

1510 – Bianca Maria Sforza, wife of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1472)

1535 – William Skeffington, Lord Deputy of Ireland (b. 1465)

1568 – Shimazu Tadayoshi, Japanese warlord (b. 1493)

1575 – Pierino Belli, Italian soldier and jurist (b. 1502)

1583 – Thomas Erastus, Swiss theologian (b. 1524)

1610 – Ludolph van Ceulen, German mathematician (b. 1540)

1650 – Dorgon, Chinese emperor (b. 1612)

1673 – Oliver St John, English statesman and judge

1679 – Giovanni Alfonso Borelli, Italian physiologist and physicist (b. 1608)

1691 – Dudley North, English economist (b. 1641)

1719 – John Flamsteed, English astronomer (b. 1646)

1742 – Karl III Philip, Elector Palatine (b. 1661)

1799 – Jean-François Marmontel, French historian and writer (b. 1723)

1872 – Aleksis Kivi, Finnish author (b. 1834)

1877 – Gustave Courbet, French painter (b. 1819)

1888 – Samson Raphael Hirsch, German rabbi (b. 1808)

1889 – Ion Creangă, Romanian writer (b. 1837 or 1839)

1890 – Pancha Carrasco, Costa Rican war heroine (b. 1826)

1894 – Thomas Joannes Stieltjes, Dutch mathematician (b. 1856)

1905 – Alexander Popov, Russian physicist (b. 1859)

1910 – John Moisant, American aviator (b. 1868)

1910 – Arch Hoxsey, American aviator (b. 1884)

1921 – Boies Penrose, U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania (b. 1860)

1936 – Miguel de Unamuno, Spanish writer and philosopher (b. 1864)

1948 – Malcolm Campbell, English race car driver (b. 1885)

1952 – Hank Williams, American singer, guitarist, and songwriter (b.1923)

1953 – Albert Plesman, Dutch aviation pioneer (b. 1889)

1964 – Ólafur Thors, Prime Minister of Iceland (b. 1892)

1964 – Bobby Byrne, baseball player (b. 1884)

1969 – George Lewis, American clarinetist (b. 1900)

1971 – Pete Duel American actor (b. 1940)

1971 – Marin Sais, American actress (b. 1890)

1971 – Vikram Sarabhai, Indian physicist (b. 1919)

1972 – Roberto Clemente, Puerto Rican baseball player (b. 1934)

1977 – Sabah III Al-Salim Al-Sabah, ruler of Kuwait (b. 1924)

1980 – Marshall McLuhan, Canadian writer (b. 1911)

1980 – Raoul Walsh, American film director (b. 1887)

1985 – Rick Nelson, American singer (b. 1940)

1986 – Lloyd Haynes, American actor (b. 1934)

1987 - Jerry Turner, Baltimore Anchorman (b. 1929)

1990 – Vasili Lazarev, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1928)

1990 – George Allen, American football coach

1993 – Maj-Gen John Frost, British para commander, Operation Market-Garden (b. 1912)

1993 – Zviad Gamsakhurdia, first President of Georgia (b. 1939)

1993 – Brandon Teena, Transsexual, murdered (b. 1972)

1994 – Woody Strode, American actor and decathlete (b. 1914)

1997 – Floyd Cramer, American musician (b. 1933)

1997 – Billie Dove, American actress (b. 1903)

1997 – Michael Kennedy, American politician (b. 1958)

1999 – Elliot Richardson, American politician (b. 1920)

2000 – Alan Cranston, American politician (b. 1914)

2000 – José Greco, Italian-born American flamenco dancer and choreographer (b. 1918)

2001 – Eileen Heckart, American actress (b. 1919)

2002 – Kevin MacMichael, American guitarist (Cutting Crew) (b. 1951)

2003 – Arthur R. von Hippel German-born physicist (b. 1898)

2004 – Gerard Debreu, French-born economist, Bank of Sweden Prize laureate (b. 1921)

2005 – Phillip Whitehead, British politician (b. 1937)

2005 – Enrico di Giuseppe, American tenor (b. 1932)

2006 – George Sisler, Jr., baseball executive (b. 1917)

2007 – Tommy Dickson, British footballer (b. 1929)

2007 – Tony Elliott, American football player (b. 1959)

2007 – Michael Goldberg, American painter (b. 1924)

2007 – Bill Idelson, American actor (b. 1919)

2007 – Kathryn Ish, American actress (b. 1936)

2007 – Milton L. Klein, Canadian politician (b. 1910)

2007 – Markku Peltola, Finnish actor and musician (b. 1956)

2007 – Ettore Sottsass, Italian architect and designer (b. 1917)

Holidays and observances

New Year's Eve on the Gregorian Calendar.

Hogmanay in Scotland.

Last Day of the Year Celebration, special non-working holiday in the Philippines.Further Information

Get more info on '31 December'.

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